Archive for the ‘AES / SBE / SMTPE’ category

History of HDTV (part Seven)

May 11th, 2012

This is the seventh installment of Philip J Cianci’s book “High Definition Television – The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology”. This book provides a comprehensive look at how we got to where we are today with HDTV. Starting back in the mid 60’s in Japan through the Grand Alliance to today’s global deployment of HDTV, you get an inside view of what went on.

It’s a fascinating story that’s well told.

Phil has made arrangements for TheOnLineEngineer to publish excerpts from his book over the next several weeks. This is the excerpt from Chapter 7.

The book is available from Amazon and a list of links to international booksellers can found on Phil’s website – www.HDTVarchiveproject.com.

 

Chapter 7

“For the Greater Good”

 

From its analog birth, formative years and higher education in Japan, through its postgraduate European tour, to digital adulthood in the Land of Capitalist Opportunity, the United States, HDTV had now reached technical maturity. But it was a contentious journey and not all parties were satisfied with the specified final destination. As the U.S. television industry and interested parties awaited FCC adoption of the ATSC DTV Terrestrial Transmission standard, America’s last domestically owned television manufacturer, Zenith, even with the prospect of revenue from 8-VSB patent licensing, was unable to recover from its financial woes. In November, a controlling interest in the company was acquired by South Korea’s LG Electronics (Lowe). America’s once-mighty television receiver manufacturing empire was now under the control of foreign multinational business entities.

 

SMPTE standards are reviewed every five years and 240M was revisited and modified to include the 59.94 Hz frame rate in addition to the original 60 Hz. After a public review period, SMPTE 240M attained ANSI approval without objection on December 1. SMPTE’s efforts at documenting a family of HDTV standards finally came full circle when ABC’s Bill Miller and Panasonic’s Jukka Hamalainen and others completed a document specifying a 1280 x 720 progressive scanning format that used ITU-R BT.709 colorimetry; the document was subsequently issued as SMPTE 296M-1995. Reflecting the addition of non–HD video formats, a revised ATSC A/53 Digital Television Standard was issued on December 20; 1080p60 was deleted in the process.

 

Events and topics discussed in this chapter include:

  • A spatial and temporal scalable ATV system
  • FCC Comments, computer Industry objections, Film Industry objections
  • WRAL or WHD – Which station did the first ATSC broadcast?
  • The Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers adopts a DTV standard
  • Progressive scanning and the emergence of 720p
  • A DTV Transmission Standard Christmas present

and more…

 

From High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology © 2012 Philip J. Cianci by permission of McFarland & Company, Inc., Box 611, Jefferson NC 28640. www.mcfarlandpub.com.

Chapter 6 ———– Chapter 8

1 person likes this post.
Share

Thank you to Chapter 38

April 4th, 2012

TheOnLineEngineer has received our largest donation of the year from SBE Chapter 38 in El Paso, TX. They appreciate the work we do and the training provided here at TheOnLineEngineer.org.

I just want to say thank you to all the members of the El Paso chapter of SBE and I will continue to produce Broadcast Engineering tutorial videos and keep our broadcast engineering Blog updated.

Visit Chapter 38 by clicking here.

2 people like this post.
Share

The Basics of Impedance Matching

March 17th, 2012

Fig 1. Maximum power is transferred from a source to a load when the load resistance equals the internal resistance of the source.Electronic Design has a nice two part (so far) tutorial on Impedance Matching. The tutorials give you a very good grasp of impedance, useful for all types of circuits and situations. The comments have about as much information as the tutorial it’s self, as you can see from this one:

As pointed out by Martin, amplifiers driving loudspeakers are NOT impedance matched, for all the reasons he cited. I’d like to add that another misconception held by many non-audio folks (and audiophiles, too, thanks to makers of “floobydust” audio cables) is that an audio cable is a transmission line. The purpose of an audio signal cable is to deliver maximum VOLTAGE, not power, to the destination. Toward this end, IEC standards for professional line-level interfaces call for a source (output) impedance of 50 ohms or less and a load (input) impedance of 10 k-ohms or more. Further, it takes an audio cable some 4,000 feet long to just have noticeable transmission line effects at 20 kHz. All shorter cables are accurately represented by a lump of C, R, and coupled L. Therefore, unless you’re the telephone company with mile-long cables, source and load impedances do not need to be matched … to 600 ohms or any other impedance. 

Bill Whitlock, president & chief engineer of Jensen Transformers, Inc. and AES Life Fellow.

Click below for the Impedance Matching tutorials -

Impedance MatchingPart 1 

Impedance MatchingPart 2

Impedance MatchingPart 3

Be the first to like.
Share

It’s National Engineer’s Week!

February 23rd, 2012

National Engineer’s week goes from Feb 19 – 25, I never knew or I would have gotten the word out earlier.

Now you know, so go out and hug an engineer or shake his or her hand. It’s engineers that keep todays world of technology running.

5 people like this post.
Share

Learn Digital Content Storage from SMPTE

February 23rd, 2012

SMPTERegistration is now open for SMPTE’s March PDA Now Educational Webcast!

To Have and Have Not:  Digital Content Storage in a Petabyte World
Thursday, 8 March 2012
18:00 UTC /10:00 Pacific/13:00 Eastern
Webinar login details will be provided with your registration confirmation
Registration is FREE for SMPTE Members and $49 for Associate Members and Non-Members.

Guest Speaker:  Tom Coughlin, Coughlin Associates

Large rich media projects are getting ever bigger and raw content of multiple petabytes is becoming more common.  Managing and protecting this content is a challenge and it is often a question whether backed up data can be recovered if the original copy is lost.  Our presenter will explore developments in storage devices and systems used in modern digital workflows. These new developments are enabling accelerated collaborative media projects with ever larger source materials.  Mr. Coughlin will also explore methods for creating, organizing and protecting rich media content including flash memory, local disk, digital tape and storage in the cloud.

For More Information or to Register, Click Here or go to http://pda2012march.eventbrite.com

1 person likes this post.
Share

Leaving Fingerprints

December 18th, 2011
PDA on MXF

SMPTE OnLine Lib

SMPTE is attempting to set a standard for identifying media, in the past companies have used Watermarks to do the same thing but Fingerprints are different. With a Watermark an identifying mark or data is embedded within the media that can be read later on. They have been doing this with still images for a long time. But Watermarks leave open the possibility of removal since they are part of the media, also Watermarks may be eliminated or corrupted through up or down conversions or compression and decompression cycles.

Fingerprinting media means looking at it and developing a set of unique and identifying data about it. This data is separate from the media but can be compared to the original at any time, even after up or down conversion or various compression cycles. As long as the video or audio is usable then it’s Fingerprints will identify it. There are several companies that are working on Fingerprinting media and SMPTE is attempting to write a standard for the industry so there will be a common format that all can use and identify our content.

Why Fingerprint?
The first use for Fingerprinting or Watermarks was a to identify content for legal purposes. If YouTube could use it then no copywriter movies could be placed on their servers because the Fingerprinting would provide a definitive answer as to whether or not this was copyrighted material. As Runs (as used in Traffic and Server logs) could be based on Fingerprinting to be sure the correct material played at the correct time with no wiggle room. And I am sure there are many other uses for it as well.

One of the newest uses for Fingerprinting is in Lip Syncing. Using the original Fingerprint and it’s time correlation between the audio and video material a comparison can be made to any current play out of the same material. This is accomplished by generating a new Fingerprint for the current play out material and then comparing that to the original Fingerprint, any timing differences can be noted and adjusted automatically or an operator can be notified. The ATSC and determined that the acceptable timing difference with video is a 15 mS lead or advance to about 45 mS lag or delay. The large difference between the two has to do with human visual and aural experience in the real world, when you see the explosion and then hear it a moment later that is normal since light travels faster than sound. When that is reversed and you hear something before seeing it your mind knows something is wrong.

The current issue of the SMPTE Journal has a very good article on this topic which you can find by clicking here, if you are a member it’s free other wise there is a fee.

 

Be the first to like.
Share

Who’s Your Chief Operator?

December 9th, 2011

Society of Broadcast Engineers

SBE webinar teaches chief operator responsibilities

The FCC requires each broadcast station to designate a chief operator. To help stations comply with FCC regulations and instruct individuals on how to carry out the responsibilities of chief operator, the SBE is presenting the webinar, “Chief Operator Responsibilities – What should I be doing?” on January 12, from 2 to 3:30 p.m. ET.

The presentation will provide insight into the responsibilities specific to each station’s chief operator, including administrative and technical responsibilities, communication requirements and authenticating station records.  Sample templates of required documents will be provided.

The presenter is Dennis Baldridge, CPBE, 8-VSB, AMD, DRB, CBNT, a Senior Member of the SBE who has worked in the field of broadcasting for over 30 years. As owner of Baldridge Communications, LLC, he provides contract engineering services to broadcast stations in the upper Midwest.

The cost to attend is only $49 for SBE Members and $69 for non-members.  Register on-line or for more information, visit the SBE website.


Be the first to like.
Share

The year was 1951; Unemployment was 3.3%, Harry S. Truman was President

November 11th, 2011

Coit Tower San Francisco

The San Francisco Section of SMPTE celebrates it’s 60th anniversary on Saturday November 19th at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum. Click here for more info.

Be the first to like.
Share

SMPTE Digital Library

November 11th, 2011
PDA on MXF

SMPTE OnLine Lib

Finally the long-awaited SMPTE Digital Library is here – starting with the Journal!

The library includes the various elements of SMPTE’s intellectual property, including SMPTE Journal dating back to SMPTE’s inception in 1916 , SMPTE conference proceedings, and the full suite of Standards, Recommended Practices, and Engineering Guidelines. Members are able to freely access Journal issues going back ten years. Articles prior to 2001 are available to SMPTE members for $10 and to non-members for $20.  Abstracts to articles remain freely available to all.

Click here to visit the library (and keep the noise down!)

Be the first to like.
Share

DTV Measurement Class in Dallas

October 18th, 2011

Gary Sgrignoli of MSW

On October 29 SBE and KERA-TV are hosting a special class on making DTV measurements and if you live anywhere near Dallas you really should attend.

The class will be presented by Gary Sgrignoli of MSW. This is a very special treat to hear Gary speak on the subject of DTV measurements as he nearly, or did he actually, write the book on DTV. I attended one of his classes a few years ago here in San Francisco and I learned a lot from Gary. He really knows his stuff and presents it in a very understandable way.

This event should be on every engineer’s To Do List, every station should pay for their engineers to attend as the knowledge is worth much more than the price of admission.

Here is a flyer and sign up sheet in PDF form - SBE67 Seminar Flyer 10 29 11e

Thanks to Tom Schuessler the Chairmen of SBE Chapter 67 for bringing this to TheOLE.

Be the first to like.
Share